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- <text id=92TT0399>
- <title>
- Feb. 24, 1992: Is School Unfair to Girls?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Feb. 24, 1992 Holy Alliance
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- EDUCATION, Page 62
- Is School Unfair to Girls?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The latest research finds that the gender gap goes well beyond
- boys' persistent edge in math and science
- </p>
- <p>By Richard N. Ostling--Reported by Sidney Urquhart/New York
- </p>
- <p> Athletic budgets. Reading lists. Pronouns in textbooks.
- All sorts of things have changed since 1972, when Congress
- outlawed sex discrimination in federally aided schools. But so
- far, charges the American Association of University Women
- (A.A.U.W.), reforms have only tinkered with the gender gap. The
- organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing "compelling
- evidence that girls are not receiving the same quality, or even
- quantity, of education as their brothers." That conclusion was
- contained in a report compiled by specialists at the Wellesley
- College Center for Research on Women that synthesized hundreds
- of studies of girl students from preschool age through Grade 12.
- </p>
- <p> The findings showed that in some ways the American public
- school classroom is a feminine domain. Nearly three-quarters of
- teachers are women. Though the sexes do equally well in math and
- science grades, girls outperform boys overall. In verbal skills,
- girls move into the lead around Grade 5 or 6 and thereafter do
- better than boys in writing and, by most measures, reading.
- Females constitute less than a third of students identified as
- emotionally disturbed or learning disabled. Despite teen
- pregnancies, girls are less likely to drop out of high school
- and more likely to attend college.
- </p>
- <p> So, what's the problem? For one thing, there is a gap in
- scores on standardized tests, especially in math and science,
- which the report blames partly on lingering bias in both testing
- and curriculum. On Advanced Placement tests, which enable
- students to earn college credit during high school, boys
- outperform girls in math, physics and biology. On the SAT test,
- that ubiquitous measure of alleged merit, in 1991 boys beat
- girls by 8 points in the verbal score and 44 points in math.
- </p>
- <p> Susan Bailey, the report's chief author, says differences
- persist in math because "girls are still not participating in
- equal proportion to boys in advanced-level courses."
- Specifically, 7.6% of boys choose calculus, compared with 4.7%
- of girls. As for science performance, Bailey says, "the gap may
- be getting wider." A fourth of high school boys take physics,
- but only 15% of girls do.
- </p>
- <p> Even girls who take the same math and science courses and
- do just as well on standardized tests are far less likely to
- consider technological careers. A study of Rhode Island high
- school seniors, for instance, found that 64% of boys but only
- 19% of girls taking physics and calculus planned to pursue
- science or engineering in college. Last week's report contends
- that girls' aversion to these fields limits their career options
- and future income.
- </p>
- <p> Seeking to explain these patterns, the report states that
- school gradually undermines girls' self-esteem. In a 1990
- survey, 3,000 youngsters were asked such questions as whether
- they were "happy the way I am." Predictably, everyone's
- self-confidence declined during adolescence, but the self-esteem
- of girls suffered deeper wounds. The pivotal factor in low
- self-esteem and performance, and the most intriguing aspect of
- the research, is what actually occurs in the classroom.
- </p>
- <p> Bluntly stated, boys do well by being bad. They are the
- troublemakers who intimidate girls into silence, monopolize
- discussions and steal an inordinate amount of teachers'
- attention. One sixth-grader observed by researchers in
- Montgomery County, Md., said, "I'm afraid, when I get something
- wrong, the boys in the classroom might make fun of me because
- they usually laugh at some people if they get something wrong."
- </p>
- <p> Obviously then, enhancing girls' self-confidence is not
- simply a matter of including more stories about heroic women in
- history textbooks. Judy Logan, a teacher at San Francisco's
- Everett Middle School, is convinced that girls "learn better in
- noncompetitive, nonhierarchical ways," so she divides her
- students into small groups. At Pattonville Holman Middle School
- in suburban St. Louis, computer teacher Jayne Kasten runs a
- no-boys F.E.M. (Female Electronic Marvels) Club, in which girls
- work with new software and demonstrate their know-how in
- classrooms.
- </p>
- <p> The 40 A.A.U.W. proposals offered last week lean toward
- such predictable remedies as improved teacher training or
- further studies and avoid bold proposals suggested by the
- research, such as sex-segregated math and science classes. Diane
- Ravitch, an Assistant Secretary of Education, complains that
- much of the report "is just special pleading and, frankly,
- whining." Opportunities are opening up, she says, and girls
- should be urged to take advanced courses, not told that they are
- victims. Chester Finn, director of Vanderbilt University's
- Educational Excellence Network, thinks disparities simply show
- that students have different interests and abilities. He
- considers gender complaints a diversion from the overall
- weakness of U.S. education: "It stinks. It's dreadful." Ravitch
- adds that America is indeed biased, not against girls but
- "against academic achievement." If so, that is still one lesson
- that girls understand better than boys.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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